Queijo São Jorge

What is Queijo São Jorge?

São Jorge is a traditional semihard Portuguese cheese, produced from raw cow’s milk on the island of São Jorge in the Azores archipelago. This cheese, known for its rich history and distinctive flavor, has held Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status since 1996. It is renowned for its firm texture, pale gold color, and peppery, grassy taste.

Historical Background

References to São Jorge cheese date back to 1574, with its production credited to Flemish settler Wilhelm van der Haegen, who brought cheese-making knowledge from the Netherlands. The island's mild, damp climate and fertile volcanic soil provide ideal conditions for cattle grazing, ensuring high-quality milk for cheese production. The dairy industry has been central to São Jorge's economy since the 19th century, following a significant increase in cattle-raising.

Production Process

São Jorge cheese is made from raw cow’s milk, heated to 86°F (30°C) and mixed with whey from a previous batch. Animal rennet is added to coagulate the milk. The curds are cooked at 97–99°F (36–37°C), then milled, salted, and pressed into molds. The cheese is ripened for three to nine months in maturing cellars at 57–61°F (14–16°C) with 85 percent humidity. After ripening, cheeses are graded by the Confraria do Queijo de São Jorge for quality before receiving the PDO seal.

Characteristics

São Jorge cheese has a firm yet supple texture with small holes throughout the paste. The exterior rind is a deeper gold color, while the interior is pale gold. The cheese develops a peppery, grassy aroma and taste, with a mild sourness that intensifies as it ages. Cheeses aged over four months acquire a musty, earthy flavor.

Flavor and Serving Suggestions

São Jorge cheese boasts a complex flavor profile, featuring notes of pepper, grass, and a slight tanginess. It can be enjoyed as a table cheese, paired with fruits like bananas or jams, or incorporated into various dishes. It is also used in cooking, adding depth and richness to recipes.

Economic and Cultural Significance

São Jorge cheese remains a crucial source of income for the islanders, with its production deeply embedded in the local culture. The cheese is highly valued in markets across the European Union, United States, and Canada, maintaining its status as a premium product.